Rumen fluid is a greenish-colored liquid substance with an aromatic and slightly sour smell. It is uniformly distributed in the rumen of antelopes and mixed with grazing or browsing roughage, fermentation gases, and bioactive organisms. The rumen liquid primarily comprises…

Danger of buffaloes is overrated. The ‘Cape buffalo’ (Syncerus caffer caffer) as a subspecies of the ‘African buffalo’ (Syncerus caffer) is the typical Southern African savannah biome buffalo species. The denomination of ‘African Black Death’ was coined by trophy hunters,…